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Learn all about teaching consonant blends or consonant clusters, with words and examples of initial l-blend, r-blend, s-blend, and w-blend words, ending t-blend and ending l-blend words, and 3 letter blend words.
As an added bonus, get a free printable list with 183 consonant blend words and examples, organized by blend.
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Consonant blends are two or three consonant letters next to each other, with no vowels in between. Each consonant sound (phoneme) can be heard in a consonant blend.
Blends are sometimes called consonant clusters because the consonants are clustered together with no vowels between.
These consonant clusters can come at the beginning of words (before the vowel) OR at the end of words (after a vowel). They can also be in the middle of a word when a prefix or suffix is added.
🥤I explain consonant blends like this to my students: When you make a smoothie in a blender, you might add blueberries and bananas and blend them together really fast. And when you take a sip, you should taste BOTH blueberries and bananas mixed together.
It’s the same ideas in consonant blends – except instead of tasting, we must hear each sound of the letters in the blend, saying them very fast.
👌 The great thing about blends is that we don’t have to teach them as separate units of sound. If students have a solid command of individual consonant sounds, then we can teach blends as a continuation of this.
Kids will need to focus on noticing the letters and matching those letters to sounds. Blends are usually introduced in first grade after letters a-z, short vowels, and digraphs and floss.
👉 Digraphs are two or three consonants that represent ONE sound (phoneme). Some examples include sh, ch, th, wh, ph, tch, and dge. (Read all about digraphs and grab a list of 161 digraph words.)
👉 Blends are two or three individual consonants (graphemes) that are next to one another and EACH separate sound (phoneme) can be heard. Some examples include cr, fl, st, sp, tw, str, -lt, and -ft.
It helps to show students examples of blends with pictures when teaching the difference!
Initial consonant blends come at the beginning of words. Initial blends are usually sorted into three main categories: L blends, R blends, S blends. An additional category of W blends is sometimes included as well.
2 Consonant L-blend words include bl, cl, fl, gl, pl, and sl. The letter l is the second letter in the blend.
| bl | cl | fl | gl | pl | sl |
| bl ock | cl ock | fl ashlight | gl ue | pl ug | sl eep |
| bl ink | cl ot | fl ip- fl op | gl ide | pl ush | sl ide |
| bl ue | cl eat | fl ute | gl itch | pl atter | sl oppy |
| bl ush | cl ub | fl utter | gl ad | pl an | sl ack |
2 Consonant R-blend words include br cr, dr, fr, gr, pr, and tr. The letter r is the second letter in the blend.
| br | cr | dr | fr | gr | pr | tr |
| br oom | cr ayon | dr um | fr og | gr ape | pr ize | tr uck |
| br ing | cr ib | dr ip | fr inge | gr ip | pr int | tr im |
| br ush | cr ush | dr ab | fr idge | gr ade | pr am | tr icycle |
| br ag | cr inge | dr edge | fr eeze | gr and | pr op | tr ick |
2 Consonant S-blend words include sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, and sw. These blends start with the letter s.
S blend word examples:
| sc | sk | sm | sn | sp | st |
| sc arf | sk irt | sm ile | sn ake | sp oon | st op |
| sc ab | sk ate | sm ash | sn iff | sp in | st ate |
| sc ale | sk y | sm irk | sn eak | sp ark | st amp |
| sc ar | sk unk | sm ell | sn ap | sp ank | st arch |
Another smaller category can be consider ‘W’ blends, where the second letter in the blend is a W. 2 Consonant W-Blend words include dw, tw, and sw.
W-blend word examples:
| dw | tw | sw |
| dw ell | tw ist | sw ing |
| dw arf | tw in | sw oosh |
| Dw ight | tw eek | sw eep |
Ending blends are sorted into these categories: Ending T Blends, Ending L Blends, and Others ending blends.
Final T Blends include -ct, -ft, -lt, -nt, -pt, -st, and -xt. All of these blends end in the letter t.
Ending t-blend word examples:
| -ct | -ft | -lt | -nt | -pt | -st | -xt |
| fa ct | gi ft | be lt | be nt | ke pt | fa st | te xt |
| a ct | dri ft | jo lt | fo nt | sle pt | du st | ne xt |
| ta ct | gra ft | bui lt | joi nt | we pt | ca st | |
| eje ct | le ft | fau lt | fli nt | ado pt | ho st |
*Note that -xt actually has three sounds, since the /ks/ sound of x has two phonemes.
Final L Blends include -lb, -ld, -lf, -lk, -lp, and -lt. These blends have the letter l as the first letter of the ending blend.
Ending l-blend word examples:
| -lb | -ld | -lf | -lk | -lp | -lt |
| bu lb | co ld | go lf | mi lk | sca lp | sa lt |
| fo ld | she lf | wa lk | gu lp | qui lt | |
| wi ld | wo lf | cha lk | he lp | bo lt | |
| ba ld | e lf | yo lk | ma lt |
Other Ending Blends include -nd, -nk, -sk, -sp, and -mp. Below are some other ending blend word examples:
| -nd | -nch | -sk | -sp | -mp |
| a nd | bra nch | du sk | ga sp | la mp |
| fo nd | lu nch | de sk | wa sp | ca mp |
| be nd | scru nch | ta sk | cla sp | sto mp |
| sta nd | pi nch | bri sk | cri sp | shri mp |
| suspe nd | be nch | hu sk | li sp | gru mp |
The term consonant cluster is excellent, especially when describing blends that include three consonants. Anyone looking at these words can clearly see the cluster of consonants right next to one another.
3 Letter Blends examples include: scr, spl, spr, squ, and str.
| scr | shr | spl | spr | squ | str | thr |
| scr eam | shr ed | spl ash | spr ay | squ ish | str um | thr ee |
| scr ipt | shr eik | spl it | spr ee | squ are | str aw | thr ow |
| scr ew | shr ub | spl at | spr int | squ id | str ong | thr eat |
| scr een | shr ine | spl een | spr ing | squ ash | str ip | thr oat |
👉 Some blends can include a digraph. For example, the word shriek includes the digraph sh along with the consonant r.
These two sounds together form a consonant blend. Examples of blends with a digraph include: shr and thr.
Get this word list freebie where all blends are listed with examples! This one page freebie with 183 consonant blend words is great for so many things!
🧏🏼♂️ I especially like to use it for the auditory portion of my 3-part drill. For example, if I’m focused on initial R-blends, I’ll grab this worksheet and dictate a word from the r-blend column.
Kids listen for the blend they hear in the word and write the blend only. They should say the blend as they write it “B-R says /br/.”
💛 We love using it for the auditory portion of the lesson because kids don’t need to know advanced phonics skills in order to be able to practice with blends.
Remember, if you’re doing word dictation, be sure to only use words that include phonics features you’ve taught!
We’d love to hear about your experience with these worksheets!
Please leave a comment below or tag us on Instagram @literacylearn.
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Hi Sarah, Thank you so much for the lovely feedback! We’re thrilled this resource is helpful for busy teachers like you! 🙂 -Katie & Laura
Susan says:I have tried several times to access and print the freebies but have had no luck. How do I access these activities>
Katie says: Hi Susan! Please send us an email and we’ll be happy to assist you! 🙂 Donna Barringer says:It would be so helpful if those that subscribe to your email could actually download and print freebies as you describe on your website.
Katie says:Hi Donna, We responded to your email a few weeks ago telling us you were confused about how to download our files, but we never heard back from you. You need to scroll to the “download and print” section, then click on the blue download button and follow the instructions. This resource has been downloaded thousands of times by other readers, and we’d be happy to help you learn how to do it easily! 🙂
Stevi says:For some reason I am having a hard time printing this…only half of the list will appear when I go to print..
Katie says:Stevi,
So sorry about the issue you’re having with printing. Please try another browser. If you’re still having trouble, email us at literacylearnblog@gmail.com and we can help get this straightened out for you!
Katie & Laura
The consonant blend has an error with elf in the wrong column. Thanks for the chart. Its very useful.
Katie says:Hi Karen,
It’s been corrected. Please feel free to download it again for the updated version. We are glad you are finding it useful.
Katie & Laura
